¹The author of this paper.

²See https://github.com/NatLibFi/Annif/wiki/Backend%3A-Omikuji for its integration into Annif.

³See https://github.com/NatLibFi/Annif/wiki/Backend%3A-fastText for its integration into Annif.

⁴See https://github.com/NatLibFi/Annif/wiki/Backend%3A-STWFSA for its integration into Annif.

⁵Experiments in the AutoSE context have shown that author keywords improve the F1 score (“F-score”, 2023) to 0.55 on average as opposed to 0.47 when only using titles.

⁶For example, there had been a regular exchange of ideas prior to the German National Library launching their own Annif-based “cataloguing machine” and associated AI project, see Grote (2022) and German National Library (2022).

⁷The number for intellectual subject indexing at ZBW is around 30,000 records per year.

⁸∼147,000 in 2021; ∼500,000 in 2020.

⁹For a short description see Eurospider Information Technology AG (2023).

¹⁰(January 2023) A prototypical version exists – the next step is to launch the UI internally.

¹¹In Battistella et al. (2015) this role is called the “intermediary”: The intermediary “acts as a third party agent assuming the role of facilitation/mediation between the parties in order to facilitate the relational context and with the aim of supporting the development of the process in its criticalities, addressing enabling or constraining factors.”

¹²The goal is to increase the so-called “bus factor” (2023) of the team which is “the minimum number of team members that have to suddenly disappear from a project before the project stalls due to lack of knowledgeable or competent personnel”.

¹³“Technology transfer is a bilateral process between sender and receiver: there is a ‚process of feed-back‘ from the sender to the receiver, which allows interested parties to obtain more information (knowledge) on the use of technology transferred” (Battistella et al., 2015) – the same is true for applied research results.

¹⁴In terms of the challenges compiled by Battistella et al. (2015) this could also be interpreted as an issue of “cultural distance”, i.e., the transfer gets harder if there is a certain lack of a shared vision or a common goal.