¹ The LERU Roadmap for Research Data emphasises, among similar lines, that “main point of making data openly available is so that it may be reused for new purposes” (LERU Research Data Working Group, 2013, p. 12)

² Good overviews of the various ways in which research libraries can meet the needs of researchers in the field of data management can be found in Pryor, Jones and Whyte, 2014, Krier and Strasser, 2014 and Akers, 2014.

³ NWO also states, notably, that the costs for data management can be entered in the project budget.

⁴ Peers should be able to assess whether or not the data and the conclusions drawn from these data comply with “relevant standards (for instance of quality or reliability)”. Researchers should guard “[t]he quality of data collection, data input, data storage and data processing”, and they should ideally document the various steps that have been taken in a study, in resources such as lab journals, project reports and minutes of important meetings. VSNU emphasises that “[c]onduct is verifiable when it is possible for others to assess whether it complies with relevant standards (for instance of quality or reliability)”. (VSNU, 2014, p. 8)

⁵ Nature states that “authors are required to make materials, data, code, and associated protocols promptly available to readers without undue qualifications”.

⁶ FAIR stands for Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. See, for example, Wilkinson et al., 2016. As Leiden University’s data policy was formulated before the FAIR acronym became more widespread, it does not explicitly use the acronym. It emphases, nonetheless, that data need to remain “findable, accessible, comprehensible and reusable”.

⁷ Next to the DSA, there are two additional levels of certification. As described in the European Framework for Audit and Certification of Digital Repositories ( http://www. trusteddigitalrepository.eu/Trusted%20Digital%20Repository.html ), data archives can either perform a self-audit on the basis of the ISO 16363 or DIN 31644, or they can be subjected to an external audit on the basis of the same protocols.

⁸ The approach that was followed by Leiden University was in step with the main recommendations from the LERU Research Data Working Group. The LERU Roadmap stresses that “advocacy needs to occur at every level within the institution and beyond”. When developing data management policies, institutions need to engage actively with the appropriate stakeholders “who will be responsible for its implementation and enforcement, such as the different faculties, library and IT services, the research office and other support departments” (LERU Research Data Working Group, 2013, pp. 11–12).

⁹ Registry of research data repositories, ( http://www.re3data.org/ ). Re3data was developed by the Berlin School of Library and Information Science at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, the Library and Information Services department (LIS) of the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, the KIT Library at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and the Libraries of the Purdue University.

¹⁰ The model (see Higgins, 2012) distinguishes seven activities: (1) creating or receiving data; (2) appraisal and selection; (3) ingest of data; (4) preservation actions; (5) storage; (6) facilitating access, use & reuse and; (7) transforming data. The final activity which is mentioned can entail processes through which obsolete data formats are converted into more sustainable formats, or processes in which unused or redundant data are deleted.

¹¹ The model lists six stages: (1) creating data; (2) processing data; (3) analysing data; (4) > preserving data; (5) giving access to data and (6) re-using data. In all of these stages, the nature of the data can be different.

¹² The description model that was developed at Leiden University displays many similarities with the list of criteria which were formulated for the data repository comparison tool which was developed by MIT, see https://libraries.mit.edu/ data-management/share/find-repository/ .

¹³ The URL of this website is < https://vre.leidenuniv.nl/vre/lrd/ >

¹⁴ This activity is coordinated by the Workgroup Facilities and data infrastructure of the National Coordination Point Research Data Management, see https://www.surf. nl/en/lcrdm/issues/facilities-and-data-infrastructure .